Warfarin is a white powder or colorless crystals that are odorless and tasteless. Warfarin and its sodium salt are the active ingredients in a variety of pesticides for the control of rats and mice in and around houses, animal and agricultural premises, and commercial and industrial sites. Crystalline warfarin sodium salt, commercially known as coumadin, is a blood anticoagulant which acts by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Anticoagulants, such as coumadin, are utilized in the treatment of patients with recent deep vein thrombosis or thrombophlebitis to prevent extension and embolization of the thrombus and to reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism or recurrent thrombus formation. Warfarin may be absorbed following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact. Warfarin has been established as a human teratogen, because it causes birth defects in the offspring of women receiving clinical doses of coumadin.
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