Thioredoxin mediates biochemical processes via oxidation-reduction reactions
involving sulfur atoms.
Layman's explanation:Thioredoxin is a 12kDa protein found in all plants, specifically the
chloroplast. Three types of this protein are found in plants. It is a
regulatory protein containing two cysteines to create a disulfide bond. During
photosynthesis, the molecule coordinates light and dark reactions as disulfide
bridges of the proteins are reduced to activate enzymes in the Calvin Cycle.
The life of the molecule is itself cyclic as it is oxidized and reduced back to
its original state by electrons from NADPH. Currently, a new study is being
conducted because the reduced form of thioredoxin seems to inactivate
neurotoxins from snakes and bees.
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