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Dinitrogen tetroxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide is an oxidizer and highly toxic and corrosive gas.

Chemical Formula: N₂O₄

Other names: dinitrogen tetraoxide

Layman's explanation: Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) is a diamagnetic colorless toxic gas that is formed when two nitrogen dioxide molecules (NO2) react with each other in a process called dimerization. This process occurs readily in highly concentrated mixtures of NO2 or when NO2 condenses on surfaces or at very low temperatures. Liquid N2O4 can further undergo a process called autoionization, where an electron is transferred from one part of the molecule to the other and the molecule breaks apart into nitrosonium (NO+) and nitrate (NO3-) ions. Dinitrogen tetroxide has been used as an ionic liquid and also a liquid oxidizer for rocket propulsion [e.g., it was used in Apollo-Saturn V space vehicles (Lunar, Command,and Service Modules)].

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